How to File a Complaint in Turkey? A Complete 2026 Guide
- Zeynep Atım Kurucuk
- Sep 25
- 5 min read
Updated: Oct 6
How to file a complaint in Turkey? This is a critical question for expats, tourists, and businesses navigating the Turkish legal and administrative system. Whether you're dealing with a defective product, a contractual dispute, or need to report a crime, understanding the correct procedure is essential to protect your rights. The process can vary significantly depending on the authority, and missteps can lead to delays or dismissal. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the different types of complaints, the step-by-step process, and provide expert insights to ensure your voice is heard effectively and efficiently.
What Does Filing a Complaint in Turkey Mean?
Filing a complaint, or şikayet, is the formal process of bringing a grievance to the attention of the relevant Turkish authorities to seek a resolution or legal action.
Legal Definition & Overview
Legally, a complaint is a written or oral petition (dilekçe) that initiates an official process. It is the first step in engaging mechanisms from consumer protection to criminal prosecution. The Turkish legal system has specific channels for different issues, and using the right one is crucial.
Types of Complaints in Turkey
Consumer Complaint (Tüketici Şikayeti): For issues with defective products, services, refunds (iade), or e-commerce platforms like Trendyol.
Criminal Complaint (Suç Duyurusu): To report a crime like theft or assault to the police (Emniyet) or gendarmerie (Jandarma).
Administrative Complaint (İdari Şikayet): For grievances against government agencies or public servants, filed via CIMER (Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Merkezi).
Civil Lawsuit (Hukuk Davası): For private disputes requiring compensation or enforcement of a contract, filed in civil courts.
Who Can File a Complaint in Turkey?
Any individual or legal entity, including foreigners (yabancı) and tourists, can file a complaint. Your legal right (yasal hak) to do so is protected, though non-Turkish speakers may require a sworn translator (tercüman).
Step-by-Step Guide on How to File a Complaint in Turkey
Step 1 – Identify the Type of Complaint
Clearly define your issue. Is it a consumer rights violation, a criminal act, or a problem with a public service? This determines the correct authority and procedure.
Step 2 – Collect Required Documents & Evidence
Strong evidence is key. Gather all relevant documents:
Contracts (Sözleşme), invoices (fatura), receipts (fiş)
Photos, videos, and correspondence
Witness (tanık) contact information
Your identification (passport for foreigners)
Step 3 – Where to File Your Complaint
This is the most critical step. File your complaint with the correct institution:
Consumer Issues: Consumer Arbitration Committee (Tüketici Hakem Heyeti) or Consumer Court (Tüketici Mahkemesi), often initiated online via TÜBİS.
Criminal Reports: Police station (Karakol) or Prosecutor's Office (Savcılık).
Government Issues: Presidential Communication Center (CIMER) online portal or the relevant municipality (Belediye).
Specialized Issues: Regulatory bodies like BDDK (for banks) or EPDK (for utilities).
Step 4 – The Submission Process
Online: The most common method. Use the E-Devlet Kapısı (e-Government Gateway), CIMER, or TÜBİS portals.
In-Person: Visit the relevant office with your documents. You may need an appointment.
Through a Lawyer (Avukat): Highly recommended for complex or legal matters. Your lawyer will prepare the petition (dilekçe) and file it with a power of attorney (vekaletname).
Step 5 – What Happens After Filing?
You will receive a complaint reference number (şikayet numarası). Use this to track your complaint online. The authority will review your case, which may involve an investigation, a hearing, or a request for additional information before issuing a response (şikayet yanıtı).
Cost, Timelines & Outcomes
Are There Filing Fees?
Consumer & Administrative Complaints: Generally free.
Court Cases: Require payment of a court fee (harç). Lawyer fees vary.
Notary & Translation: Costs for notarization (noter) and sworn translations apply for foreigners.
How Long Does the Process Take?
Timelines vary widely:
CIMER/Consumer Complaints: Several weeks to a few months.
Court Cases: Can take from several months to years, depending on complexity.
Criminal Investigations: Timeline depends on the nature of the crime.
Possible Results After Filing a Complaint
Possible outcomes include a refund, replacement of a product, an official apology, fines against the offending party, or, in legal cases, a court judgment. The goal is a fair resolution (çözüm).
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Filing a Complaint in Turkey
Missing Deadlines (Zamanaşımı)
Every type of complaint has a statute of limitations. For example, consumer complaints must typically be filed within specific timeframes. Missing these deadlines can void your claim.
Submitting Incomplete Documents
An incomplete file is a primary reason for rejection. Ensure every claim in your complaint is supported by documentary evidence or witness statements.
Filing in the Wrong Jurisdiction
Filing a consumer complaint at a criminal court, or vice versa, will lead to immediate dismissal. Double-check the competent authority before submission.
Expert Insights & Practical Tips
The Role of a Lawyer in Filing Complaints
While simple complaints can be filed individually, a Turkish lawyer is invaluable. They ensure your petition is legally sound, filed correctly, and that all procedures are followed, dramatically increasing your chances of success.
Why Legal Representation Helps
For instance, a tourist who overpaid for a taxi might successfully file a consumer complaint alone. However, a foreign investor facing a breach of contract must have a lawyer to navigate the civil court system, manage court fees, and meet all legal deadlines. A lawyer acts as your guide and advocate.
FAQs About Filing a Complaint in Turkey
Can I file a complaint in English?
Official bodies primarily operate in Turkish. Complaints and evidence should be translated by a sworn translator for them to be valid.
What is CIMER, and when do I use it?
CIMER is the central portal for complaints against any public institution. It's highly effective for issues with municipalities, government agencies, or public services.
How can I track my complaint?
Always ask for and securely keep your complaint reference number. You can usually track the status online via the portal where you filed it (e.g., CIMER, TÜBİS, or e-Devlet).
What if my complaint is rejected?
You often have the right to appeal the decision. The appeals process and timeframe will be outlined in the rejection letter. Consult a lawyer immediately if this happens.
Need Help Filing a Complaint in Turkey?
Navigating the complaint process in a foreign country can be daunting. Our experienced Turkish lawyers specialize in guiding expats and foreign businesses through every step—from drafting the perfect petition to representing you in court. Don't leave your rights to chance. Contact us today for expert legal assistance and ensure your complaint is handled effectively.
